Weather extremes refer to the occurrence of unusual or extreme weather conditions that deviate significantly from the average or expected weather patterns. This can include extreme temperatures, heatwaves, cold snaps, heavy rainfall, droughts, storms, hurricanes, and other severe weather events. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes and mechanisms behind weather extremes, predicting their occurrence, and assessing their impacts on the environment, society, and economy. Scientists study factors such as climate change, natural variability, atmospheric patterns, and oceanic influences to better understand and anticipate extreme weather events. The goal of this research is to improve our ability to predict and prepare for weather extremes, mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and adapt to changing climate conditions in order to reduce the risks and consequences associated with extreme weather events.